> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.noonum.ai/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Research papers

> Published Noonum research behind the linguistic-signal methodology, available as PDFs.

Each paper below is available as a PDF.

* **[Linguistic Strength Indicator (LSI)](https://noonum.ai/docs/noonum-lsi-linguistic-strength-indicator.pdf)**:
  the foundational signal measuring how strongly a company's language ties it to a theme.
* **[Linguistic Beta](https://noonum.ai/docs/noonum-linguistic-beta.pdf)**: the market-driven component of a
  company's thematic exposure and what it reveals about durable thematic ties.
* **[The Rise and Fall of ESG](https://noonum.ai/docs/noonum-rise-and-fall-of-esg.pdf)**: tracking the ESG
  narrative's lifecycle through the lens of linguistic signals.
* **[SaaSpocalypse Index](https://noonum.ai/docs/noonum-saaspocalypse-index.pdf)**: a thematic study of
  software-as-a-service exposure and the pressures reshaping the sector.
* **[US Political Connections](https://noonum.ai/docs/noonum-us-political-connections.pdf)**: measuring
  corporate exposure to political relationships and policy risk from text.
* **[Private Credit](https://noonum.ai/docs/noonum-private-credit.pdf)**: applying linguistic signals to map
  exposure across the private credit theme.
* **[AI Risks: DeepSeek](https://noonum.ai/docs/noonum-ai-risks-deepseek.pdf)**: a case study on detecting
  emerging AI-competition risk, illustrated through the DeepSeek event.
* **[Venezuela & Greenland](https://noonum.ai/docs/noonum-venezuela-greenland.pdf)**: geopolitical theme
  analysis tracing company exposure to Venezuela and Greenland developments.

See the [methodology overview](/base/concepts/overview) for how these papers connect to the signals.